The American Dream in And the Earth Did Not Devour Him,...

Millions of people of all nationalities came to America during the twentieth century with the hope of finding a new and better life for themselves. These immigrants were lured by the thought of obtaining the American Dream--life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness in the land of opportunity. Unfortunately, few immigrants were actually successful in achieving the dream. Most were faced with hardship and discrimination, instead of the expected equality and freedom. The dire living conditions hampered their ability to pursue happiness and created what W.E.B. Dubois called the veil, which refers to the fabric of racism that separates whites from other ethnicities and causes non-whites to see themselves under the distortion of a†¦show more content†¦When the ex-colored man proceeds to stand he is told to sit until the others are asked to stand. This scene shows the importance that is placed on classifying and separating within American society. He was oblivious to the con cept of black and white until the segregation was forced upon him. From that moment on he was insecure about his identity; not knowing whether to claim himself as white or black. Later, after witnessing a lynching of a black man he is conflicted with the shame that the black race would allow itself to be treated worse than animals and with the appalling idea that his country would allow a human being to be burned alive. Thus, he declares that he would neither disclaim the black race nor claim the white race. He eventually decides to pass as a white man because it seemed like the more secure path. He is constantly insecure in his decisions and is always questioning the differences between the races. He feels trapped by the expectations placed upon each race. His struggles display the ridiculousness of classifying human beings solely by their skin color. A similar theme is seen in Carlos Bulosans America is in the Heart. However, the protagonist of this literary work is a Filipino. America is seen through the veil of a Filipino immigrant, who represents the collective experience of the many Filipinos who came to America in search of the American Dream. HeShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesreproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying

Discuss the works of two poets who write on the theme of people the landscape Essay Example For Students

Discuss the works of two poets who write on the theme of people the landscape Essay The two poets I will be comparing are William Wordsworth and R.S. Thomas. Both of these poets wrote in the theme of scenic areas, people and landscape but had very different views. William Wandsworth was a romanticist meaning that he saw beauty in everything. R.S. Thomas was a realist meaning that he wrote more realistically including both positive and negative points in his work. I will first compare On Westminster Bridge by Wordsworth and A day in autumn by R.S Thomas. William Wordsworths poem On Westminster Bridge is a detailed description of the view of London in the Morning from Westminster Bridge. The theme of the poem is therefore landscape and scenic areas. R.S. Thomass poem is also a description; it describes the scenery of a day in autumn probably set in a woodland also based on the theme of landscape. Comparing the poems with one another I first picked up that they are equally written from first person perspectives which help to express that these are the writers real thoughts and feelings. R.S Thomas concentrates on the general scene, especially the atmosphere and natural landscape. William Wordsworth also focuses on the general scene; but he goes into more detail with everything. There is a lot of attention put on the environment around, buildings, rivers etc. William Wordsworths poem does employ a rhyme scheme. This scheme is: A, B, B, A, A, B, B, A, C, D, C, D, C, D. R.S Thomas poem does not rhyme, meaning that he has not incorporated a rhyme scheme. The main difference between the two poems is the mood. William Wordsworth tries to give off a very positive mood because he is a romanticist he sees only beauty and ignores the negative points. The whole poem is about the beauty of the view. R.S Thomas on the other hand is a realist; his poem initially gives off a negative/realistic mood when he says it will not always be like this. But this changes after this line to describing the beauty of the autumn scene. His poem, much like Wordsworths contains a lot of adjectives and complex language to help describe the beauty of the views. A day in autumn is very clearly a descriptive type poem as the author is describing a scene. The same goes for William Wordsworths poem, Westminster Bridge. William Wordsworth tries to create an image of the city in the readers mind using his highly figurative and descriptive language. Although there is no irony or unexpected twists in his poem he still manages to create this picture using his wording, he does not change the mood of his poem at all. Also similes and personification is used to help create a better effect (The city now doth, like a garment, wear the beauty of the morning). R.S Thom as also attempts to do this and also succeeds. He used an unexpected twist his poem and also makes use of many adjectives and highly figurative phrases. He does also change the mood from a negative one to a positive one at one point. The period that the poem was written in would affect the writers style and mood. William Wordsworth was born a long time ago (in 1770) so he would be describing London from a long time ago, before it was industrialised, polluted and when people had a more positive view on it. R.S Thomas was born quite recently and died into the 20th centaury. At this time there is a lot more negativity in the world with wars and political issues. This may have been why R.S Thomas chose to become a realist. The structure of William Wordsworths poem is similar to the one of R.S Thomas. They are both physically set out in one large paragraph, and are both sonnets. Westminster Bridge has not been split into different arguments or parts. A day in autumn appears to be set out in the same physical way, furthermore with no differing parts. In Westminster Bridge the poem is personal, you can tell this because it has bee written in the 1st person and is as if the poet is actually there, describing the scene to you. The A Day in autumn poem is also the same, personal and is as if the scene is being described to you by someone who is actually been there. The poets are actually in the poem experiencing the things they are describing. .uc30a2f2f59dcb41f656c0cfe80a7de66 , .uc30a2f2f59dcb41f656c0cfe80a7de66 .postImageUrl , .uc30a2f2f59dcb41f656c0cfe80a7de66 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc30a2f2f59dcb41f656c0cfe80a7de66 , .uc30a2f2f59dcb41f656c0cfe80a7de66:hover , .uc30a2f2f59dcb41f656c0cfe80a7de66:visited , .uc30a2f2f59dcb41f656c0cfe80a7de66:active { border:0!important; } .uc30a2f2f59dcb41f656c0cfe80a7de66 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc30a2f2f59dcb41f656c0cfe80a7de66 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc30a2f2f59dcb41f656c0cfe80a7de66:active , .uc30a2f2f59dcb41f656c0cfe80a7de66:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc30a2f2f59dcb41f656c0cfe80a7de66 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc30a2f2f59dcb41f656c0cfe80a7de66 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc30a2f2f59dcb41f656c0cfe80a7de66 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc30a2f2f59dcb41f656c0cfe80a7de66 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc30a2f2f59dcb41f656c0cfe80a7de66:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc30a2f2f59dcb41f656c0cfe80a7de66 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc30a2f2f59dcb41f656c0cfe80a7de66 .uc30a2f2f59dcb41f656c0cfe80a7de66-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc30a2f2f59dcb41f656c0cfe80a7de66:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry Analysis EssayPersonally I think that William Wordsworths poem is the most effective as goes into more detail with his descriptions, where as R.S Thomas decided to keep it short but complex. Both poems although do achieve what they set out to do. These two poems by Wordsworth and R.S Thomas focused mainly on landscape. I will now be comparing to other poems by the same authors that focus on the theme of people. The two poems that I have chosen are The Solitary Reaper by William Wordsworth and Tramp by R.S Thomas. These two poems are both written on the theme of people but once again the two poets have a very different attitude. The solitary Reaper is about a woman who is working hard reaping in a field with her sickle, she is singing happily while she is doing this. You can instantly tell that this is another one of Wordsworths romanticist poems, he still manages to see beauty in hard labour work. The poem concentrates on the womans singing rather than her. Tramp is a poem about new technology and the world getting better but there are still people left behind from these new innovations, who have a quality of life as bad as a tramp. The mood of William Wordsworths poems again a very positive one, he includes no negativity. Tramp conversely includes a lot of negativity; this is once again a realistic poem. Solitary reaper is set in a field where a female is performing hard physical labour, where as tramp has two settings it starts off at the front door to a house and then moves on to a street. Solitary Reaper is a descriptive poem as the author just describes the work this woman is doing and her singing. The same goes for Tramp, R.S Thomas is just describing the tramps life style compared to him. The language in solitary Reaper is not highly figurative as there is no irony, unexpected twists or similes and metaphors. The Tramp poem also is not highly figurative as again it does not contain any of the requirements it become so. The style in both poems is complex as many figures of speech are included in the works. The period would severely affect R.S Thomass work as he wrote about how the world was getting better with new modern technology. If the poem was written in the past he probably wouldnt write about this subject as it wouldnt make sense. Also in the past there was a lot less negativity in the attitude towards civilisation compared to now. William Wordsworth wrote his poem pre 19th centaury so he would have completely different opinions of things compared to people now-a-days. The solitary reaper is split into 4 paragraphs or verses each verse with 8 lines. Tramp is a much shor ter poem and is split into 3 sections, each with 5 lines. Solitary reaper is in the 1st person perspective meaning that the poem is actually experiencing what is happening in the poem. In the poem the poet makes references to him self as well (I saw her singing at her work;) Personally I think William Wordsworth did achieve what he set out to do. His poem included descriptive language to really give it an effect and he used a first person perspective to show that these were his real thoughts and feelings. R.S Thomas also displayed that his work did what it was set out to do. Using short but comparative sentences he successfully managed to show that the tramp was left behind after the new innovations in technology. Finally both poets have very effective work. The main difference between the poets is the period that the poems are written in. William Wordsworth had a much similar mind, he would have had a much different view point to a more modern man like R.S Thomas who was more complex. The other main difference is the mood. William Wordsworth, being a romanticist would have always only written about the beauty in everything. He would completely ignore the negativity. R.S Thomas would write about both the beauty and positive points and the negative ones. R.S Thomas was a more realistic man and his work reflected this. William Wordsworth almost lived in his own fantasy world were there was only beauty, and he wrote about everything from there.

I Love My Mom free essay sample

Ilove my mom. But it would hard to deny that I have been somewhat relieved tohave 2,000 miles between us since she moved back to Mississippi. My motheris the bipolar product of an anxious Japanese woman and a stereotypical Southernman. Raised in the South, she was a teenage hippie, minus the politics and plus acountry-club membership. She and my dad (the product of a talented salesman andan immaculate housewife) moved from Mississippi to Hollywood in the 70s so hecould become a professional musician. In sixth grade, my dad announcedtheir separation and divorce. It wasnt especially surprising, but I cried, andthen thought that living in two places might be fun. So, in seventh grade, everyweekend Id either pack to go to my moms apartment, or pack to return to mydads our, hed insist three-bedroom Craftsman. In ninthgrade, the sleep-overs at my moms stopped because of one night that was anaccumulation of the dysfunction she thought she might hide. We will write a custom essay sample on I Love My Mom or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My mom and herlive-in friend, Bobby, had taken me and my younger brother Scott outto eat on Valentines Day, and my mother had one drink too many. Scott and I wereembarrassed enough just walking home with my mom and Bobby, but the balloons andflowers (his gifts for her) we had to carry and her wanderings in front of carsadded to our disgust. We reached her apartment and my brother left torollerblade with friends; he understandably didnt want to be around that night.I left my glasses in the bedroom I shared with him and went to the small livingroom. My mom was sitting on the black couch with red eyes. She was a big sobbingmess. Why dont you have your glasses on? she questioned,trying but failing to steady her voice. Um, I was going to take ashower, I said. I somehow felt I owed her an explanation. Oh.Im so sorry, she said, tears streaming down her face. Itsall right, I said, slightly uncomfortable. I put my arm around hershoulders gingerly. No, no, I should be the one comfortingyou, she said, now completely weeping. No, Iargued. I called Daddy and everythings gonna be fine now. Go takeyour shower, honey. I didnt argue. I love you so much.Mom embraced me. I hugged her back, gently at first, then with more force. Iwondered what it was like to be her, who loved and mothered us, and indulgedalmost all our greedy whims. I love you, too. My eyes werebeginning to tear. Not wanting to push her further into self-pity, I held themback. Im going to go take that shower now, I told her, gladto escape. My face scrunched and I felt the need to cry. I thought aboutMom telling me she should be comforting me. I wanted to cry, but the tearswouldnt come. Finally as I shampooed my hair, I cried, sitting with myback against the wall, my knees drawn to my chest as the hot water slightlysoothed me. And I prayed and thought about heaven, where I wouldnt see Momdrunk; no, Id just see her happy and smiling like she should be. A knockon the door interrupted my thoughts. Mom was saying something. Icant hear you, I said, leveling my voice so as not to upsether. Daddys coming over, she said. So hurryup. I walked into the living room again without my glasses and saton the couch, braced for another family talk. My dads voice wasgentler than usual. I was glad I hadnt worn my glasses, so I couldnt quite lookin their eyes. I watched as Mom gazed at Dad somewhat adoringly. I blamedthat on the alcohol. Its just like Daddys thyroids. He has to takemedicine. I have to take medicine or I have mood swings. I havent had mymedicine in two weeks and itll be a while before it gets back in my system. Itsjust like Daddys thyroids, she explained, not tooclearly. Yes. And we, as parents, my dad spoke slowly,want whats best for you and everyone involved, and think that - Whatever the kids want, Mom interrupted. Asparents, we know whats best for them, Dad said calmly. Yeah, I know, my mom whined. Im being selfish rightnow. No, youre just responding to natural desires. Youhavent seen the kids in a while, but theyll be able to visit you Hespoke a while longer, my mom adding her two cents wherever she saw fit, while Ifought the tears now eager to spill out. Soon Scott and I were restuffingclothes and books into suitcases. Bye, Mom, I said, huggingher tightly. Bye, honey. I love you. I love you,too. Bye, she repeated as I was almost out of thedoor. Janie, shell only be three blocks away, Dadspoke. I know, I know. But even though I might be threeblocks away, the mother I had put on a pedestal as a small child would be muchfarther. Bye, Mom. I love you. Through the years, mymom has taught me many things, not so much through her words, but through heractions. I remember watching her bake cheesecakes, hem skirts, efficiently managedepartments at Macys, and stand up for her children. But I also remembermy mother twisting words so shed appear in a more favorable light, spendingmoney she didnt have, choosing friends she correctly believed shewas above, and investing in weak pride because she lacked confidence in herskills, talents and future. I remember my mother doing all these things,and I remember my dad explaining her childhood and early adulthood: her emotionalabuse, her drug abuse, her promiscuity and her avoidance of therapy and help. Iremember my dad reassuring me that I wouldnt be like my mother, butI knew that before he said it. I enjoy life, its blessings and challenges, I amthankful for my abilities, and for the people in life who help where I am weak. And I realize that the most I share with my mom is a knack for makingcheesecake, a talent for taking the wrong exits on freeways, gratitude for ourtime spent reading and playing together, and thankfulness for an always mutuallove. I love my mom; thats never been hard, though its certainly been astruggle to respect the woman who made so many faulty decisions that led to anearly hopeless life. Its still a struggle to think of my mother and not cryfor her, and want her to enjoy life. And because of these things its tempting tothink life is unkind, but stronger than that temptation is the knowledge that myparents have always, and will always, love, cherish, support, and, in two verydifferent ways, teach their children what they can. Because of this, I know Imtremendously fortunate.

Marketing Management

Marketing Management Introduction Al Ahlia Gulf Line (AGL) is a leading manufacturer and marketer of soft drinks in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Some of brands marketed by AGL in the UAE include Fanta, Arwa, Burn, Coke, and Sprite. Coca Cola is a leading company in the world. Coke’s brand equity is also strong in the UAE. The parent company began in 1892 after Charles Candler incorporated the organization.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company originated in the United States. Today, Coca Cola markets its soft drinks to consumers across the globe. The company’s background dates back to 1886 when Candler’s father, John Pemberton, came up with the original â€Å"Coca Cola formula†. By 1899, Coca Cola was a leading company in America. In the past years, the company has promoted the best business practices thus becoming a leading player in the global s oft drink industry. In the UAE, Coca Cola (AGL) began its operations 1989. The company has succeeded in the region due to its quality bottling operations and distribution systems. Marketing Environment There are different macro and micro environmental factors that affect the performance of a business. Micro-environmental factors are the â€Å"internal† aspects affecting a business. Macro environmental aspects are those factors that a firm cannot control. In the UAE, Coca Cola has been considering such macro and micro environmental aspects in order to emerge successful. Micro Environmental Factors Organizational Aspects The company embraces the best managerial strategies. This makes it easier to establish the best internal policies, objectives, and strategies. Consumers and Suppliers The company has to consider the bargaining powers and expectations of both its suppliers and consumers in order to remain profitable. The managers should consider the best principles in order to e nsure the company is on the right path towards success. Competitors There are different â€Å"fast food† companies in the region. These companies produce fruit juices and mineral water. As well, Pepsi is a leading marketer of soft drinks in the UAE market. These competitors might affect the company’s performance.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marketing Mix Al Ahlia Gulf Line (AGL) uses the best marketing mix in order to remain successful. The marketing includes aspects such as â€Å"price, place, promotion, advertising, and quality of its products†. Macro Environment Factors: PESTEL Analysis Political Factors Al Ahlia Gulf Line (AGL) operates in a politically stable country. The region has a reliable political climate and labor practices. However, insecurity is also common due to terrorism and insurgencies. Economic Factors The UAE is defini tely portraying a positive economic growth. This explains why the company should always consider the economic factors in order to remain profitable. The company can succeed in the long term. Social Factors The region is experiencing a socio-cultural change. The MNC should consider such changes in order to succeed in this market. Technological Factors The company should consider new technologies because they influence logistical operations, product development, and service delivery. These are critical aspects for the company. Environmental Factors The world is presently becoming aware of the environment due to climate change. AGL should consider the best practices in order to safeguard the environment. Legal Factors There are certain legislations affecting different companies in the UAE. These range from ethical practices, business policies, environmental legislations, and food safety measures. It has been necessary for the company to reconsider such legal aspects.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Segmentation One of the company’s favorite products is â€Å"Coke†. The use of segmentation can make Coke successful in the UAE. In order to make this particular product successful, AGL should consider the idea of â€Å"multi-segmentation† as detailed below. Geographic Segmentation Al Ahlia Gulf Line (AGL) can target different regions whereby more individuals will consume the product. The main regions will include the major urban centers and cities in the country. Demographics The company can target the population based on income levels, gender and age. For instance, the company should target individuals between 16-45 years of age. This population has a good income and is willing to spend money on luxury products. Psychographic Segmentation Many consumers are conscious about brands. That being the case, more consumers will be w illing to consume Coca Cola’s products. Current Target Market There are certain values that describe the target market for Coke. Most of the consumers have similar needs and expectations. The first thing to consider is the issue of geographic location. The potential consumers are in the urban areas. As well, the company should consider certain issues such as demographics, lifestyles, and behaviors. Most of the targeted consumers are between 16 and 45 years of age. The company can use â€Å"socioeconomic segmentation† in order to market its product successfully. The issues to consider include gender, occupation, personal expectations, and education level. The company will also have to consider the attitudes, lifestyles, and behaviors of its consumers. Description of the Market Opportunity The existence of a â€Å"marketing opportunity† makes it easier for a company to realize its goals. To begin with, the company has a unique brand equity thus making it a major c ompetitor in the industry. The country is today receiving more tourists and investors.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The UAE is also experiencing a robust growth in terms of economy and political stability. More consumers are becoming financial stable and aware of their expectations. This has contributed to a â€Å"lifestyle change† thus presenting new opportunities to market Coke to the consumers. Marketing Analysis The study focused on key aspects such as â€Å"economic position†, consumer expectations, and public awareness. The study also examined the past and current position of various soft drinks in the UAE market. After conducting the survey, the gathered information presented the behaviors of the potential consumers. By so doing, it was possible to establish the existing opportunities for the company. As well, the respondents provided a â€Å"detailed description of the existing opportunities for Coca Cola† in the market. This made it easier to come up with a clear description of the marketing opportunity for the company. Proposed Product Al Ahlia Gulf Line (AGL) can s uccessfully introduce a new product in the UAE. The best product to introduce in this market is â€Å"Diet Coke†. Based on the existing marketing opportunities, AGL can market Diet Coke successfully to the consumers. The marketer needs to use the â€Å"three levels of the product†. The first one is the â€Å"core product†. Coke’s brand equity will make this level successful. The second level is the â€Å"actual product†. Diet coke can help people address their health problems and benefit from the product. Finally, the company needs to use the best marketing mix, promotions and advertisements to add value to this new product in the UAE market. Diet Coke SWOT Analysis Strengths The product is healthy and tasty. Diet coke has succeeded elsewhere. It is competitive in the market. The company’s â€Å"brand equity† is unique. Weaknesses It is a new product. Marketing incentives are lacking for Diet Coke. Can be described a â€Å"foreign product†. Opportunities More consumers are sensitive about their health. More people are consuming soft drinks. Coca Cola dominates the market. There are stable economic and political factors. Threats There is competition from substitute goods such as â€Å"fresh juices†. There is competition from Pepsi. Proposed Pricing The pricing strategy for Diet Coke should be in accordance with the existing competition and consumer expectations. The product’s price will be slightly higher than that of the competing products. The approach will make Diet Coke a â€Å"superior product†. The price should also be sensitive to the prices of other competing companies such as Pepsi. Proposed Distribution Process After introducing the product and identifying the targeted consumers, the company will use its effective supply chain system. The approach will ensure equal distribution of the product across the UAE. The marketers and distributors will be monitoring the level of consumption in order to promote a steady chain supply for the new product. The supply system will include distribution centers, convenient stores, shopping malls, and customer outlets. Proposed Promotion Mix Promotion is an important aspect of marketing mix. AGL should employ the right personnel to market the product directly to the consumers. As well, sales promotions will sensitize the people about the benefits of the new product. The company will also use sporting events to increase awareness. The company will also use different media and celebrities to advertise Diet Coke in the country. The use of internet-based promotion will make the product successful. For example, AGL can embrace the use of different social media in order to market its new product.

Importance of trainning and education. Is it important yes or no why Essay

Importance of trainning and education. Is it important yes or no why - Essay Example This can be achieved only through learning. We also need education to answer all the basic questions we may have about life – how did life originate, what is land, water and air, why is the sky blue, how can we build houses, and so on. Education is required on both personal and professional fronts. In order to acquire a job, we need to be qualified for it and possess an appropriate degree. In personal life, we need to communicate, calculate, reflect on our experiences, know basic manners, etiquette and civic behavior, etc. All this is acquired through education at home, at school/college and everywhere else. In order to apply the learning acquired through education, one needs proper training. For instance, learning how to manufacture a car theoretically does not necessarily enable an individual to actually perform the task. This especially applies to specialized functions that are a part of any profession. Therefore, to be able to have a good professional career, one needs to be trained for the job. Training, however, is not just required for a successful career but also for basic chores that are a part of daily life. Even the very act of speaking, that comes naturally to every individual, is acquired through the education and training that an individual subconsciously acquires in childhood. Innumerable surveys have shown that employers seek well qualified employees. Employers are especially interested in problem-solving and communication skills that include computational skills, good work habits, linguistics skills, money handling, and oral and written communication (Natriello 1). These skills can only be acquired through education. In addition to education, employers place more emphasis on experience especially that acquired through internships or prior employment (Fischer 1). Experience is acquired through training, either on job, or through internships. Employers place more weight on experience because it ensures that a

Fords Control Mechanisms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fords Control Mechanisms - Essay Example About one hundred years ago, demand could be easily matched to supply particularly in the rural agricultural areas, and the existence of production and consumption was in a closed loop supply chain, therefore, goods were predominantly manufactured and used as required. The just-in-time approach to manufacturing adopted by Ford presents a return to this form of relationship between the production and consumption phase that was present before the industrial revolution where consumers gave specifications of what they wanted before the process of production could begin. Henry Ford, who came up with the assembly line JIT approach used in the manufacture of Ford cars, had an awareness of this form of a rural tradeoff as he hailed from a small community whose main activities involved agriculture. The beginning of the economic business philosophy adopted by Ford and the main aim for JIT manufacturing was mainly informed by the recognition that increasing the wages of factory employees leads to increased rates of productivity. Initially, Ford was simply assembling the cars and not manufacturing them, as the parts were produced by external shops, however, they were not made to be highly tolerant necessitating that the company shapes and fits them before they could come together appropriately. The company lacked control in terms of the quality of parts in the supply stream as well as the incoming flow of materials that came from external sources. There were no control mechanisms in place to arbitrate the inconsistencies in the manufacturing and assembly processes.

Change Management, its Factors and Effects, in Tesco PLC

Change Management, its Factors and Effects, in Tesco PLC TESCO started its business and opened its first shop in the year 1919 by Mr Jack Cohen. He sold surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London. The brand TESCO came after 5 years in the year 1924 when he bought a shipment of tea from a Mr. T. E Stockwell and initial letters of the name were combined to name TESCO and in the year 1929 store was op #ened in Burnt Oak, North London by Mr. Cohen. In 1930 Mr. Cohen built a headquaters and warehouse in north London and in 1932 privatization was done and Tesco became private ltd company and the company was listed in the stock market in the year 1974. In the year 1950 need of expansion was demanded and as a result numbers of stores were bought by retailer. (70 Williams stores and 200 Harrow stores, followed by 97 Charles Philips stores) and finally in the year 1968 the first superstore was opened in west Sussex. moving further Tesco diversified and jumped to petrol retailing sector in 1974.to overtake the rivals Tesco adopted the change in the strategy and launched the club card in 1995 following which in 1996 Tesco announced 24 hours facility to its customers. Retailer launched tesco.com in 2000 to expand further with which it included various products like electronics, clothes and entered in broadband market etc .as a major announcement Tesco plans to open a stores in USA under the name Fresh and Easy. Need for a change at Tesco Tesco has adopted many changes in its business since the time it has started.tesco has been changing its strategies as and when time passes for the following reasons. (I)To win competitive advantage: Tesco always wanted to create more value from resources over other companies like Sainsbury which led tesco to come up with new stores in different places. (ii)Core competences: Core competences are means the businesses must have something that customers uniquely value if companies wants to earn healthy profits. For instance tesco provides club card facility to its customer to retain the customers. (iii)Need for capturing Market: Tesco wanted to capture the whole retail market which encouraged the company to come up with aggressive strategies and occupy the number of places of UK markets. (iv)To create efficiency, swiftness, and innovation: For creating efficiency tesco provides a online shopping facility along with that it has made all the stores 24 hours available. Facrors Driving change in the Tesco: There are two types of factors which force any organization to adopt the change for the betterment of the organization. External factors and Internal factors. External Factors: conservative spends, Following are the external factors using PESTEL analysis: Political Factors: Tescos performance is very much controlled by political situations of the countries .traditional stores are forced to cut the cost where as big stores often provides job opportunities and government encourages retailers to create job opportunities hence opening new stores is because of the political impact also. Economical Factors: Economic factors have direct relation with profits which is one of the most important factor leading changes in an organisation.the high rate of unemployment increases chances of reduced demand for goods so tesco is creating employment with the help new stores. Social Factors: remove Customers demands towards mass shopping have led tesco to provide non food items also like clothes, elctronics,mobiles etc providing customers the convenient shopping. Technological Factors: Technology is a biggest factor driving all the companies to adopt the change because of new inventions of it.customer base will increase if they are satisfied and they get attracted. To do the same tesco has adopted self check out system, electronic shelf labelling etc. Environmental Factors Less consumption of resources, less wastage of production and least environmental damage are the issues leading tesco to change accordingly. Legal factors: Government policies affect the Tesco organisation for instance licensing, monopoly policy, pricing policy. Internal Factors: Expansion of the business: Expansion of the business brings the opportunities for the product development and companies growth. Earning Profits: The major motive for any organisation is to make profit which leads tesco also for the expansion and diversification of the business. Cut throat Competition: Tesco has many Competitors like ASDA and Sainsbury. To survive in this cut throat competition is very necessary to come up with new ideas and technology. Resource Implication of the organisation not responding to change: There are various resources which can be resistant against the change and cause the failure to the change project. Following are the resources: People: The main part of the change is people who are going to execute the change and they can not change overnight. people who are rigid and resistant towards the change .if they dont respond and not agreed to accept the change change procedure will lead to failure. Money : one of the other most important resources is Money which has a power to make the change successful by providing all other resources available.for instance with the help of existing money resource tesco is going to open new Fresh and Easy stores in usa without which it was not possible. Material: Proper material like all the previous details, audit report, company data and market requirments are very important absence of the same brings the failure of the change for instance in the case of tesco absence of the proper market analysis would have not brought tesco to capure the UK market. Stakeholders: Stakeholders are the very important parts of the change.suppliers are the internal stakeholders. The demand of the suppliers for cutting down in prices of food in tesco are major concern for adopting new changes. Climate: (season) Climate is a resource which is unexpected which sometimes causes a failure to change adopted by an organisation. Q: D) Models of change ADKAR Individual model of change: In an organisation whenever any change takes place it is not organisation which changes but the individuals of the organisation.ADKAR model helps manager to find out the behaviour of the individual and find out: People resistance to change, Help employess to move ahead with the change process To provide a plan for a personal and professional progress for individuals. To understand the ADKAR model we will look at the diagram below which says whenver in an organisation change takes place that is two ways one is from the business aspect and from the people side. Change takes place only when both the side change is applied successfully. Business change: Business change needs knowing the opportunities Scope and objectives of the business and project Knowledge of complete business process Proper change implementation People/Employee change: For the successful change manager should follow 5 key objectives based on ADKAR model. Awareness: of the need to change Desire: to participate and support the  change Knowledge: of how to change (and what the change looks like) Ability: to apply the change Reinforcement: to retain the change for the time period Lewins 3 stage Organisational Model of change http://www.lmcuk.com/management-tool/lewins-3-stage-model The model speaks about the one organisational change. it says that organisation travel from one stagnant change to another. It has three steps for an organisation to come across (i) Unfreeze (ii) Change and (iii) Refreeze, as mentioned in above picture. (i)Unfreeze In this state an organisation has to make employees believe that change is going to be for the betterment. there are people who doesnt want to come out of their comfort zone and easily accept the change hence unfreeze is a stage where managers will have to create motivation to the employees to come out of the stagnant phase and unfreeze them to move towards the new change. (ii) Change It is a stage which creates many doubts for the organisation. Employees have knowledge of old system and adopting a new a new change will take some time to increase their efficiency. At this stage it is very important for the managers to provide motivation to its employees at the same time give proper training and moral support to build a confidence to accept the change. Refreeze The motive of this stage is to let people get comfortable to their working environment again to increase efficiency. Bruce Tuckmans model of Team change: Mr Bruce Tuckman came up with this model in the year 1965 with 4 stages and last 5th stage Adjourning was added by him later in the year 1970s. According to him as the team builds maturity and ability, the bonding of the team takes place.in this stage a leader directs, guide, participates and deligates finally.at this time team will produce a next capable leader. in this leader gives power to the team and reduces the control.the main aim is to achieve the high performance by changing leadership styles. Following are the 4 stages and activities of the leader Stages Activities Forming Direct team and set goals clearly. Discussing goals with team will be the helpful. Storming Establishment of structure, building good relationship in team, Giving moral support, being firm and positive. make people understand why conflicts happens by assertiveness. Norming Taking responsibility towards objectives, building feeling of togetherness in team. Performing Dividing/delegating the task so that can concentrate on other priorities. Adjournig If the team come to an end working together celebrating the success. Relevance of the models in the current economic climate: Currently looking at the UK economy-2010 the major issue faced by the country is Recession and Unemployment which goes hand in hand. Looking at these issues lets see the relevance of the following models with these two factors. Models of change Relevance with current economic climate ADKAR Model of individual change Awareness: government should know the factors driving recession and unemployment. Desire: desire to come over. Knowledge: Proper knowledge how to overcome the recession. Ability: Ability to apply solutions/change to remove the recession. Reinforcement: to retain the change or solutions taken to get rid of recession and unemployment. Lewins 3 stage Organisational Model of change In the 2nd step of the model we can find the relevance to current situation. Change: adopting a change for example government has announced cut backs because of which people that were enjoying the benefits are also now searching for job which is increasing the rate of employment. Bruce Tuckmans model of Team change In this we can find a relevance with the stage storming which talks about the activities like establishing structure which means government should set such a rule to avoid recession and unemployment like the economy of the some of the European countries (like irland and Romania) are not much developed and people of those economy are migrating here because of which unemployment rate increases. Value of STRATEGIC INTERVENTIONS techniques in the change process: What is strategic intervention? Whenever there is change taking plan in an organisation there are resistant towards it. Strategic intervention techniques are made to solve the problem occurring during the change process. Following are the intervention techniques and their value: Role Playing: Role playing is a type of training which involves practical situation. it is method to prepare a team to perform on their own without the help of the their employers. Value: this technique is valuable because if the proper training is given and employees are able to work on their own then they will face less problem while adopting a change. Team Building: It is technique developing a maturity to work as a group and efficiency. The main reasons for this technique are to set objectives, to check how the work is performed in a group and to see the bonding between team members. Value: in the change process the one of the important things is team bonding as whenever change takes place in an organisation team has to perform together for the success. Survey Feedback: Proper feedback and survey reports are to be given to the employees regarding the change to let them involve in the change process Value: by getting the feedback organisation can know what employees feel about the change and what difficulties they face to help them which help the change process to success. Inter-Group Problem-Solving: Whenever there are conflicts in two different groups, for the settlement joint meetings are held in which members are allowed to present their views and the outcome of the meeting should be the result that holds them together. Value: all the teams work towards the one goal i.e. change process, if they are having the differences then the goals vision will be blurred. So this technique helps to improve the bonding which will improve the work efficiency. Management By Objective Approach: It encourages employees to involve in decision making process to make sure the system works smoothly. Value: technique to involve employees will earn the interest of them and will lead to successful change. Q:g) development of Change management strategy with stakeholders for tesco: Stakeholders are the group of people who have interest in company business. There are many types of stakeholders like government, employees, customers, suppliers, board memebres, funders, which are part of internal and external stakeholders. According to tesco understanding the needs and demands of the stakeholders is very important. there are various strategies to let stakeholders involve in the change process. i)Having beneficial discussion with shareholders to make sure that tesco looks after and understands the commitment towards stakeholders. ii)The preparation of investor relation report every year by the board members is a part of their strategy stating the feedback of the stakeholders ,which involves them to towards the change. iii)They make sure that each and every stakeholder should get the full annual report at the end of the year apart from publishing in news papers. Systems to Involve stakeholders: There are many systems available to involve potential stakeholders in the planning of the change. Stakeholders mapping Stakeholders matrix Stakeholders engagement Stakeholders identification Stakeholders mapping: Stakeholders mapping is one the systems to involve stakeholders in the business .in stakeholders mapping has two axis. One speaks about the interest of the each stakeholder and other speaks about the power on stakeholders. th the th Stakeholder Mapping and Communication There are basically 4 categories in based on their power and interest, low interest/low power high interest/low power low interest/high power high interest/high power The company needs very less attention on this group. The stakeholders create no danger because of any interest and power. This group has a high interest but very less power and they are maintained by keeping them informed about company information. This group has high power because of which they must be taken care off and kept satisfied because their low interest can cause a trouble. They must be always satisfied because they have high power and high interest as well. Stakeholders matrix: This is one the common methods used to know about the stakeholder analysis. The object is to give clear understanding of the stakeholder and let the company know what the best way to involve them is. This system is used at early stage to develop the stakeholder plan.this sytem is used for developing a action plan. Stakeholder identification: In this company needs to find out its potential stakeholders company needs to do all the documentation regarding their interest, involvement, their power, and strategies taken by the company. There are three steps Step i) identify the potential customer and related date to them Step ii) identify the each stakeholders power and interest Step iii) assess the stakeholders response. Stakeholder engagement (On TESCO): Stakeholders are the people who have direct relation with our business and can affected easily, but at the same time they have impact on business as well. This is a reason why organisation needs to involve stakeholders and know their views. basically it is all about maintaining relationship with the help of regular communication from both the sides.Stakeholders engagement system has become a commonly used practice in business. According to tesco stakeholder engegement helps them to know the risk and opportunities. Following are the methods of doing the same: Meetings/Discussing issues Websites Questionnaires Events Being strategic about stakeholder engagement Tesco believes in solving issues by discussing it with stakeholders.for instance for year 2009-2010 meeting was held in the month of February to discuss the issues concerning about the board plans, control and business development by the chairman. Websites are made to keep in touch with stakeholders and engage them and to keep them aware of new updates abot the company along with the annual reports. tesco has it site in which they have all the details for stakeholders(www.tescoplc.com) . Investor relaton teams are hired to take care of stakeholders in tesco to be in touch with them on regular basis.because details on websites are limited and shareholders can ask any questions via emails. For stakholders tesco keeps events for them to be interactive and to engage them. Stakeholders engagement is not process to be built in weeks. Company need to do it right from beginning and thats what tesco has been doing right from beginning. Q: I) Development and implementation of model of change on tesco: Whenever company need to progress can adopt a change whether small or big .in organisation usually they know about the change but dont know how to actually apply it. For which there are many models stating how to apply change. Following are the models which tesco can apply to build a self check out machines. Kotters 8-Step Change Model Following are the 8 steps to lead towards the change: Step i) create urgency: Talking about urgency of adopting a change will help organisation to move further towards change. Because only showing balance sheet company can not convince others to adopt the change. How to do? a)Tesco will have to analyse its potential risksand will have to prove the senario that in absence of self check machines can cause lot of queue in the shop and will cause delay in time. b)Tesco will have to show the benefits that customer can take from self check out machines. Step ii) Form a Powerful association: Whenever company needs to go through a change it has to supporters for the change having leaderships qualities to convince that change is for good. What is to be done? Tesco should identify true leaders in an organisation Make commitment Work on team building Tesco will have to make sure that it has good mixture of people that will help at different levels. Step iii) Create a Vision for Change Tesco should have a clear vision about the change and should be able to show others that vision What to do: Tesco will have to set the important value change. Make a short one or two sentence vision statement like tesco has a vision statement that is every little helps Make a plan to implement that vision. Step iv): Communicate the Vision The vision statement is what you do and you have strong competition in the market.so tesco will have to make sure that it communicate in such a manner that will be able survive in that competition. What to do: Tesco should keep talking about its vision. Tesco should clearly deal with peoples apprehension and worry. Tesco should Appl all its vision to all aspects of operations from training to performance reviews. Step v): Remove Obstacles: After following the above steps and if change process had taken place then tesco needs to look at the resistant of the change if yes then tesco will have to remove it by doing so change process will move further. What to do: Tesco should hire, change leaders to deliver the change. By looking at the structure of the organisation tesco will have to decide upon Tesco should encourage people by giving reward to people for supporting change. At the same time tesco should know people who are resisting the change, and try to convert them into supporters. Tesco should act quickly against obstacles. Step vi): Create Short-term Wins To encourage change tesco should create small competition to motivate employees towards adopting the change. By creating short term goals tesco can earn more supporters for the new change. What to do: Tesco should Look for sure-change that can be implemented without help from any strong critics of the change. Tesco should not expensive targets. Tesco needs to see properly the potential pros and cons of its achievements. Give deserving awards to those who achieve targets. Step vii): Build on the Change: Tesco should not declare the change too early.rea l change goes in deep. What to do Tesco should analyse after every win, that what went right and what needs improving. Tesco should learn to the idea of continuous development. Tesco need to keep changing the the change agents timely to change association Step viii): Anchor the Changes in Corporate Culture: Tesco needs to make sure that change should be visible in each and every aspect which will help the change to occupy a strong place in an organisation. What to do: Tesco need to talk about the success stories as and when get the chance. Tesco should embrace the change principles and morals when hiring and training new staff. Measures to monitor progress of the change process: There are various ways adopted by the companies to measure the performance and the progress of the change adopted.there is many tools like performance indicator, feedback control system, marketing mix etc to know about the peformance of the company.tesco has not adopted particular method to measure the progress.following are the ways tesco should adopted: Feedback: Tesco should take timely and duely feedback by the customers who are using self check out machine.feedback form should clearly be able to specify the questions about the weakness and usefulness of the self check out machine. Feedback form should be easy to understand and must be written in easily understandable language by the customers.the most important point is feedback form should be able to answer the % of customer satisfaction. Surveys: Tesco should conduct surveys regarding by the general public asking what do think about self check machine. For people with a proper communication must be hired to be able to ask questions from public. Website : Tesco should operate one website having online feedback asking close ended question regarding the perfomance of the machine and improvements to be made. Performance indicator tool: Tesco should use the performance indicator tool for the measurment of progress.it will tell the tesco about the improvements made and what are the results of the same.performance indicator cover cover the following other indicators : Quantitative indicators based on numbers achieved. Practical indicators based on current companys process. Directional indicators based on data specifying the companys performance whether getting better or not. Actionable indicators are taken to control which will affect the change. Financial indicators used in perfomance measurment.