Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra essays

Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra essays founded in 1895, gave its first concert the following year under the direction of Frederic Archer. Victor Herbert was the chief conductor from 1898 to 1904; he was succeeded by Emil Paur (190410). The orchestra was then disbanded. It was revived in 1926, and over the next decade it was led by Elias Breeskin (192730) and Antonio Modarelli (193037). The orchestra was reorganized by Otto Klemperer in 1937. Fritz Reiner was chief conductor from 1938 to 1948, followed by William Steinberg (195276), Andr Previn (197684), Lorin Maazel (198495), and Mariss Jansons (1995). Since 1971 the orchestra has performed in Heinz Hall, the renovated Loews Penn Theater (built 1927). To truly understand Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra we have to understand what symphony is. Symphony is an extended work for orchestra, usually in three or four movements. It is traditionally regarded as the central form of orchestral composition. In the 17th century the term was used in other senses: for concerted motets, for introductory movements to operas for instrumental introductions and sections within arias and ensembles, and for ensemble pieces, which might be classified as sonatas or concertos. The roots of the symphony are found in the earlier Baroque period, when composers enjoyed creating pieces for small groups of instruments, sometimes featuring a solo instrument. These concertos, such as those by Vivaldi, Bach, and Corelli, were one source from which the symphony evolved. Another was the Italian opera. In particular, the symphony developed from the Italian operatic overture, or "sinfonia," which by about 1700 had become the expected musical beginning of an opera. The sinfonia was a purely instrumental composition made of three sections, a fast section at the beginning and the end, and a slow section in the middle. Alessandro Scarlatti (1659-1725) was particularly influential in establish...

Word Clipping

Word Clipping Word Clipping Word Clipping By Maeve Maddox Shortened forms of words like rhinoceros (rhino), synchronization (sync), and limousine (limo), common in conversation and informal writing, are usually used in their entirety in formal contexts. These shortened words are called clippings. Sometimes a clipping drives out its longer original and becomes a standard word in its own right. Some standard English words that began as clippings are: taxi: a shortening of Taximeter, a device for measuring distance and figuring the fare. cab: a shortening of cabriolet, a light two-wheeled chaise drawn by one horse. Later the word was applied to a motorized vehicle. Note: The word taxi-cab combines two clippings. lunch: a shortening of luncheon, a word documented from 1580. Although lunch is documented as early as 1829, it was still considered to be vulgar a century later. Luncheon is still around, but it has acquired something of a precious connotation. bus: a shortening of omnibus. Classical Latin omnibus means â€Å"for all.† As a term for a public transportation vehicle, omnibus was borrowed from French. The wealthier classes had enjoyed the services of carriages for hire as early as the 17th century. The omnibus offered inexpensive public transportation to the masses. plane: a shortening of aeroplane/airplane. Words are clipped from front, back, or both ends. Back clipping Most clippings keep the front part of the word, dropping the remaining syllables: chimpanzee > chimp synchronize > sync examination > exam gasoline > gas memorandum > memo Some clippings change the spelling of the first syllable in order to keep the desired pronunciation. For example, the shortening of business is spelled biz because severed from business, the syllable bus is pronounced like the word for the vehicle. The shortened form mike for microphone has been in the language since 1911. Beginning in the 1960s, the use of the abbreviation â€Å"mic† on electronic devices began to be confused with the word mike. As an abbreviation under an audio port, â€Å"mic† is a useful space-saver. It fails as a spelling, however, because mic rhymes with Bic. Fore-clipping Some shortenings drop the beginning of the word: robot > bot parachute > chute cockroach > roach telephone > phone Middle Clipping In middle clipping the middle of the word is retained: refrigerator > fridge influenza > flu pajamas > jammies Only time will tell which of the current shortened words so popular in social media will stick to the language. Here are some linguistic terms related to word formation by clipping: apocope [uh-POK-uh-pee]: The cutting off or omission of the last letter or syllable/s of a word: pic from picture, vocab from vocabulary. apheresis [a-fuh-REE-sis]: omission of one or more sounds or letters from the beginning of a word: possum from opossum. syncope [SEENK-uh-pee]: contraction of a word by omission of one or more syllables or letters in the middle, like ma’m from madam, specs from spectacles, and fo’c’sle for forecastle. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. HadIn Search of a 4-Dot EllipsisCapitalizing Titles of People and Groups

The Only True Wisdom Is In Knowing You Know Nothing Essay

The Only True Wisdom Is In Knowing You Know Nothing - Essay Example C) The charges brought against Socrates were of impiety and corrupting the youth of Athens. Socrates did not fear death, and drank his poison eagerly because he thought of death as something to examine, just as life. D) The allegory of the cave suggests that most people are seeing not reality but shadows of reality, much as one who is chained in a cave for their entire life. Socrates used this allegory to explain that intellectual pursuits, like stepping out of a cave and into the sunlight, eventually lead to more clear understanding of the world. I agree that there is more to perceive in the world than most people are aware of, but I disagree that it negates the validity of the â€Å"shadows† which we can all perceive. 2 A) We cannot prove the existence of anything outside of our own minds. All of our knowledge of things outside of ourselves comes to us through our senses, but only our minds can be trusted to exist. B) Descartes doubts the existence of anything beyond his own mind, because he cannot prove conclusively that anything else exists. If it is possible for the existence of an object perceived to be disproved, then it may not exist. However, the fact that you can be deceived means that your mind must exist. He famously summed this argument: â€Å"Cogito, ergo sum.† ... In the example of the wax, imagination explains the perception of change and for the possibility of other changes which we can't imagine. Intellect explains the understanding of the wax as something distinct, the same thing whether it is solid or liquid. 3 A) The stakes are very high; You have a lot to lose if you make the wrong decision. According to James, believing in God is beneficial to people, and as the decision cannot be made rationally on the basis of evidence it is incumbent upon us to leave the decision to our â€Å"passionate nature†. As that nature encourages us to strive for beneficial states, it is prudent to believe in God. I disagree with James' assertion because the stakes are only high within the context of some religions, and because one can enact a different decision at any time. B) The first objection Aquinas notes is the existence of evil. If God is omnibenevolent, then why does evil exist in the world? He counters this by saying that God's goodness is s o great that he causes goodness to come out of evil. Aquinas' second stated objection is that everything which we can see and understand can be accounted for by other first principles, so there is no need to believe in the existence of God. His response is that nature as well as human reason were both ultimately caused by God, as â€Å"Prime Mover†. C) A ship owner is aware that his ship needs repairs, but sets sail anyway. The ship sinks mid-ocean, and all aboard die. According to Clifford, the ship owner is morally responsible for the deaths of his crew because he made the decision to set sail based on faulty evidence. Clifford says â€Å"It is wrong in all cases to believe on insufficient evidence; and where it is presumption to

Marketing audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words - 1

Marketing audit - Essay Example The study discusses potential theories and literatures available on marketing audit and describes its importance for present day organizations. Conducting a marketing audit for any organization involves analysis of the external and internal environments of the organization. Analysis of the external environment can be done through various models and frameworks which have been proposed by previous researchers. These analytical frameworks consider various crucial aspects of the external environment which have potential influence on the business operations of the organization. While scanning the environmental elements of Lenovo various factors have been considered which are external to the organization and have significant influence on it. Similarly the internal environment of the organization has also been analyzed deeply to identify the potential strengths and barriers which exist within the organization. While scanning the internal environmental of the organisation, various theories a nd analysis have been implemented to analyse the resources and capabilities present within it. For data collection various news and texts have been used as secondary sources. These organizational data are analyzed and inferred for identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. A systematic plan for action has been suggested as recommendation at the end of the report. Marketing audit states the importance of aligning the marketing operations with the objectives of the business as well as the capabilities of the organization. Once it gets aligned, the organization experiences increased level of potential in its profit making and marketing activities. If classified broadly the process of marketing audit involves proper understanding of the goals, identifying current resources and techniques to be utilized by the organization, collecting information from organizational and non-organizational sources for understanding the internal environment of the organization and

Youngs modulus of elasticity of nicrome wire Essay Example for Free

Youngs modulus of elasticity of nicrome wire Essay This can be avoided by not adding the weights if and when there are persons on the wooden block side of the wire. Apparatus Wire (around 3. 5 meters) 2x wooden blocks 1 G-clamp Weight Hook 12-15 weights. (100g each) Accuracy 0. 1g in 100g = 0. 1% error Roller Pulley Celotape Micrometer Screw-gauge. Accuracy 0. 01mm in 0. 19mm = 5. 36% error Scale (e. g. Rule) Accuracy 2mm in 3570 mm = 0. 06% error Total Approximate error range: 5. 52% = 6% RESULTS: Note: I have taken the force of one Newton to be the where the extension because I found it difficult to measure the length of the wire without pulling on it. This was because the wire was coiled originally and so kept trying to go back to its original coiled state. This means my wire length will be inaccurate to approximately half a millimetre. This would not have affected the permanent length of the wire because the wire enters the plastic region only after around 10 Newtons (Represented on a graph of axis force against extension) The slip mentioned in the results refers to how much the wire has been pulled from the two markers, which is referred to in the method. The slip is evidently not part of the extension and will be taken into account. Original Length of the Wire = 3570mm. = 3. 57 meters Original Diameter of the wire = 0. 175mm = 1. 75 x 10-4 meters. Area = 0. 0000000962m3 = 6. 92 x 10-8m3 These results may be unduly accurate and this will be taken into account in the conclusion. As the Youngs Modulus concerns the region where Hookes Law is obeyed, then this will be the region where the extension increases in small equal amounts. In this case it is 1-9 Newtons here. As this only caused small extensions of 1mm per each weight added, this is where the biggest errors will occur. Ruler to half millimetre accuracy 0. 5mm in 8mm = 0.5 / 8   100 = 6. 25% CONCLUSION What is Youngs Modulus Of Elasticity for Nicrome Wire? Youngs Modulus For Elasticity is defined as Stress Over Strain. So (Force   Length)   (Extension   Cross-sectional Area). This is the gradient of a graph representing stress over strain. (In the region where Hookes Law is obeyed) Force (N) Stress (Pa) Extension (m) Strain (Pascals) Youngs Modulus (Giga Pascals)   The gradient of the graph represent the stress over the strain. The gradient over the ? y/? x region is big enough to provide a good average. It is more accurate than the tabulated result because it contains the linear y=mx+c graph (This is due to Hooks Law) which is the line of best fit for the results (The average). The y-intercept on the graph is very close to the origin, which is what would be expected because if there were no stress (e. g. no force acting on the wire) then there would be, by definition, no strain, as there would be no extension occurring. This shows that this area is obeying Hooks Law because using the y=mx+c equation, this would say c i 0 (approximately equal to 0). So y=mx where tis the stress, x is the strain, and m is the constant; being Youngs Modulus. Conclusion: My results are accurate, because the graph was a very straight line, as all the points could be plotted to a good degree of accuracy to the original plot from the y=mx equation; Stress = (5. 52 x 1011 ) x Strain :- Where 5. 52 x 1011 Gpa is my result for Youngs Modulus for Nichrome Wire Stress (Pa) Strain Stress=(5. 52 x 10^11) x Strain Error From Original Dividing the result of multiplying the stress by my Youngs Modulus by the original, and multiplying by 100 calculated the error from original column. For every multiplication I got a a result of 6. 72%, which is close to my approximate error range of 6%. My results compared to my prediction: My results, did not entirely agree with my prediction. From preliminary experiments the Youngs Modulus would be in the region of 180 GPa.

Death of a Salesman :: essays research papers

In â€Å"Death of a salesman,â€Å" Willy Loman’s values are very much skewed. He is focused on ideals that are dedicated to success in a world which has no room for non-achievers. Willy‘s life was built of false dreams and hopes. His main values in life are money and being well liked. These beliefs are expressed throughout the entire story. He says â€Å"Be liked and you will never want.† Willy also complains that Biff ‘†¦has yet to make thirty-five dollars a week!’   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The importance of being well-liked, physically attractive, and being a good athlete are the qualities which are often stressed by Willy Loman. He builds his whole life around this idea and teaches it to his children. He is convinced that Happy will become store manager, when Happy is just a loser. Willy constantly tells himself all of the great things that Biff has done, extremely inflating Biff’s image. Willy still refuses to face reality when Biff states that he never worked as a salesman for Oliver. Willy replies, â€Å"But you were practically.† By the time Biff is grown, it is almost too late to realize that good looks and athletic talent does not ensure respect and financial success. Biff knows this and says to his father, â€Å"We’ve been walking in a dream for fifteen years†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.I never got anywhere because you blew me so full of hot air.† Biff realizes that he has been blinded by false values.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Willy’s dream is to become like Dave Singleman. He was so impressed that Singleman was so well-liked, that buyers and salesman from all over came to his funeral. Willy’s need to be admired is so important that he lies about his own reputation and success. To prove to himself that he is well-liked, Willy cheats on his wife.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Moral values are not taught to Loman’s boys. When Biff steals the foot ball, Willy says that the coach would be proud that Biff wanted to practice. Also, when Biff told his father that Bernard gave him answers to his test, Willy had no problem with it.

Emerging markets Essay

Emerging markets are nations with social or business activity in the process of rapid growth and industrialization. The economies of China and India are considered to be the largest.[1] According to The Economist many people find the term outdated, but no new term has yet to gain much traction.[2] Emerging market hedge fund capital reached a record new level in the first quarter of 2011 of $121 billion.[3] The seven largest emerging and developing economies by either nominal GDP or GDP (PPP) are China, Brazil, Russia, India, Mexico, Indonesia, and Turkey. [pic] An emerging market economy (EME) is defined as an economy with low to middle per capita income. Such countries constitute approximately 80% of the global population, and represent about 20% of the world’s economies. The term was coined in 1981 by Antoine W. Van Agtmael of the International Finance Corporation[pic] of the World Bank. Although the term â€Å"emerging market† is loosely defined, countries that fall into this category, varying from very big to very small, are usually considered emerging because of their developments and reforms. Hence, even though China is deemed one of the world’s economic powerhouses, it is lumped into the category alongside much smaller economies with a great deal less resources[pic], like Tunisia. Both China and Tunisia belong to this category because both have embarked on economic development and reform programs, and have begun to open up their markets and â€Å"emerge† onto the global scene. EMEs are considered to be fast-growing economies. What an EME Looks Like EMEs are characterized as transitional, meaning they are in the process of moving from a closed economy to an open market economy while building accountability within the system. Examples include the former Soviet Union and Eastern bloc countries. As an emerging market, a country is embarking on an economic reform program that will lead it to stronger and more responsible economic performance levels, as well as transparency and efficiency[pic] in the capital market. An EME will also reform its exchange rate system because a stable local currency builds confidence in an economy, especially when foreigners are considering investing. Exchange rate reforms also reduce the desire for local investors to send their capital abroad (capital flight). Besides implementing reforms, an EME is also most likely receiving aid and guidance from large donor countries and/or world organizations such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. One key characteristic of the EME is an increase in both local and foreign investment (portfolio and direct). A growth in investment in a country often indicates that the country has been able to build confidence in the local economy. Moreover, foreign investment is a signal that the world has begun to take notice of the emerging market, and when international capital flows are directed toward an EME, the injection of foreign currency into the local economy adds volume to the country’s stock market and long-term investment to the infrastructure. For foreign investors or developed-economy businesses[pic], an EME provides an outlet for expansion by serving, for example, as a new place for a new factory or for new sources of revenue. For the recipient country, employment levels rise, labor and managerial skills become more refined, and a sharing and transfer of technology occurs. In the long-run, the EME’s overall production levels should rise, increasing its gross domestic product and eventually lessening the gap between the emerged and emerging worlds. Portfolio Investment and Risks Because their markets are in transition and hence not stable, emerging markets offer an opportunity to investors who are looking to add some risk to their portfolios. The possibility for some economies to fall back into a not-completely-resolved civil war or a revolution sparking a change in government could result in a return to nationalization, expropriation and the collapse of the capital market. Because the risk of an EME investment is higher than an investment in a developed market, panic, speculation and knee-jerk reactions are also more common – the 1997 Asian crisis, during which international portfolio flows into these countries actually began to reverse themselves, is a good example of how EMEs can be high-risk investment opportunities. (For more insight on getting into emerging economies, read Forging Frontier Markets.) However, the bigger the risk, the bigger the reward, so emerging market investments have become a standard practice among investors aiming to diversify while adding risk. (For more details on the advantages and disadvantages of making foreign investments, see Is Offshore Investing For You? and Going International.)